久久久福利国产

Keywords: Ash鈥榓ri,聽Batin,聽FatimidsMajor Muslim dynasty of Ismaili caliphs in North Africa (from 909) and later in Egypt (973鈥�1171) More, Ibn Sina,聽Ikhwan al-Safa鈥�, IsmailisAdherents of a branch of Shi’i Islam that considers Ismail, the eldest son of the Shi’i Imam Ja士far al-峁⒛乨iq (d. 765), as his successor.,聽Mu鈥榯azila, Neoplatonism , al-Sijistani,聽Zahir

Abstract: The Ismailis appeared first on the stage of the history of Islam in the second half of the third century AH /ninth century CE and spread with astonishing rapidity. Centred originally in聽Khuzistan聽in south-western Iran, its missionaries carried its message throughout the Islamic world from聽Transoxania聽and the Indus valley to the聽Maghrib. In eastern Arabia, the Yaman and in the eastern聽Maghrib, its converts became numerous enough to set up their own political communities under the sovereignty of the Expected聽Imam.

The fourth century AH /tenth century CE has been called by Louis Massignon 鈥榯he Ismaili century in the history of Islam鈥�.1 The Fatimid Caliphs, Imams of the Ismailiyya, extended their sway over the western half of the Islamic world from the Atlantic to the borders of Iraq and founded the city of Cairo as their residence. In the east, the聽Qarmatis, dissident Ismailis, controlled much of Arabia, the Persian Gulf and lower Iraq, and for a time threatened the 鈥楢bbasid capital Baghdad itself. Ismaili missionaries like al- Nasafi, Abu Hatim al-Razi, and Abu Ya鈥榪ub al-Sijistani elaborated Ismaili religious thought in its classical form while the聽Ikhwan al-Safa鈥�, an anonymous group of Ismaili [or Ismaili-influenced] authors in Basra, published their encyclopaedia of fifty-one popular philosophical treatises which has since remained part of general Islamic literature.

Ismailis gained followers among all strata of society: rulers, officials, scholars, merchants, peasants and the poor, among the inhabitants of towns and villages as well as the tribes of the desert.