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A learned theologian, poet, stylist and an accomplished diplomat,聽Shah Tahir Husayni聽was also the most famous聽Imam聽of the Muhammad-Shahi branch of聽Nizari Ismailism. He was born in the final decades of the 9th AH/ 15th CE century in the village of Khund, near Qazwin in northern Persia, where his forefathers known locally as the Khundi Sayyids had lived and acquired some following after the middle of the 8th AH/ 14th CE century.

The most detailed account of Shah Tahir is contained in the Tarikh-i Firishta (History of Firishta), composed around 1015 AH/ 1606 CE by Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi, better known as Firishta, the celebrated historian of the Deccan who knew members of this family. Shah Tahir’s father,聽Imam聽Shah Radi聽al-Din, who had led the Muhammad-Shahi聽Nizaris聽of Quhistan and聽Sistan聽in eastern Persia, later established his rule over a part of Badakhshan where he had many followers. Shah Radi聽al-Din聽was murdered in 915 AH/ 1509 CE and his head was taken to Mirza Khan, a local Sunni聽Timurid聽ruler who persecuted the IsmailisAdherents of a branch of Shi’i Islam that considers Ismail, the eldest son of the Shi’i Imam Ja士far al-峁⒛乨iq (d. 765), as his successor. of Badakhshan.

Shah Tahir succeeded his father to the聽imamate聽of the Muhammad-Shahi聽NizarisAdherents of a branch of the Ismailis who gave allegiance to Nizar, the eldest son of the Fatimid Imam-caliph al-Mustansir (d. 1094) as his successor.. It seems that from early on in his life and as a form of聽taqiyya聽or precautionary dissimulation, Shah Tahir presented himself as an Ithna 鈥楢shari or Twelver Shi鈥榠, and this explains why he composed several commentaries on the theological and juridical treatises of a number of well-known Twelver scholars such as al-鈥楢llama al-Hilli (d. 726 AH/ 1325 CE).

He was also in contact with Sufi circles and wrote a commentary on the聽Gulshan-i raz聽(The Rose Garden of Mystery), the famous聽mathnawi聽poem of the Sufi master Mahmud Shabistari (d. after 740 AH/ 1339 CE).